Effortless access and retrieval with Python's Hash Table.

Hash map use case.


In computer science and programming, a hash table (hash map / dictionary) is a set abstract data type mapping keys to values. A hash function is used to compute an index or a hash code to construct an array of buckets from which the desired value can be found. The hashing is done for faster access to elements and the efficiency of mapping relies on the performance of the used hash function.

Hash Table Data Structure.
Hash Table DS meme.

Python Knowledge Base: Make coding great again.
- Updated: 2024-10-14 by Andrey BRATUS, Senior Data Analyst.




    In ideal case the hash function will assign each key to a unique bucket, but there are cases of collision (same index for more than one key) due to imperfect hash function, which are solved using several techniques such as separate chaining or open addressing.
    We can consider Python's built-in dictionary implementation as a hash mapping or hash table example.

    There are many applications of hashing in real life like cryptography, passwords handling, gaming, graphic tools and many more.



  1. Hash Table Data Structure Python code:


  2. 
    class Hash_Table:
     
        # Creating empty bucket
        def __init__(self, size):
            self.size = size
            self.hash_table = self.create_buckets()
     
        def create_buckets(self):
            return [[] for _ in range(self.size)]
     
        # Inserting values
        def set_val(self, key, val):
           
            hashed_key = hash(key) % self.size
             
            bucket = self.hash_table[hashed_key]
     
            found_key = False
            for index, record in enumerate(bucket):
                record_key, record_val = record
                 
                # check if the bucket has same key
                if record_key == key:
                    found_key = True
                    break
             
            # Update the value if key is not unique or append for new key
            if found_key:
                bucket[index] = (key, val)
            else:
                bucket.append((key, val))
     
        # search value by the key
        def get_val(self, key):
           
            # Get the index
            hashed_key = hash(key) % self.size
             
            # Get the bucket
            bucket = self.hash_table[hashed_key]
     
            found_key = False
            for index, record in enumerate(bucket):
                record_key, record_val = record
                 
                # check if the bucket has same key
                if record_key == key:
                    found_key = True
                    break
     
            # Return the value by key
            if found_key:
                return record_val
            else:
                return "NOT found"
     
        # Remove a value by key
        def delete_val(self, key):
           
            # Get the index
            hashed_key = hash(key) % self.size
             
            # Get the bucket
            bucket = self.hash_table[hashed_key]
     
            found_key = False
            for index, record in enumerate(bucket):
                record_key, record_val = record
                 
                # check if the bucket has same key
                if record_key == key:
                    found_key = True
                    break
            if found_key:
                bucket.pop(index)
            return
     
        # Print the hash map
        def __str__(self):
            return "".join(str(item) for item in self.hash_table)
     
     
    hash_table = Hash_Table(7)
    print ("Empty hash table: ")
    print(hash_table)  
    # insert some values
    hash_table.set_val(111, 'Victoria')  
    hash_table.set_val(112, 'Helen')
    hash_table.set_val(113, 'Sabina')
    hash_table.set_val(115, 'Helen2')
    hash_table.set_val(114, 'Tata')
    print ("Filled hash table: ")
    print(hash_table)
    
    print ("Search a record with key: ")
    print(hash_table.get_val(111))
     
    print ("Delete a record with key: ")
    hash_table.delete_val(112)
    print(hash_table)
    

  3. Hash Table Data Structure Python code result:


  4. OUT:
    Empty hash table:
    [][][][][][][]
    Filled hash table:
    [(112, 'Helen')][(113, 'Sabina')][(114, 'Tata')][(115, 'Helen2')][][][(111, 'Victoria')]
    Search a record with key:
    Victoria
    Delete a record with key:
    [][(113, 'Sabina')][(114, 'Tata')][(115, 'Helen2')][][][(111, 'Victoria')]





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